Which of the following constitutes an essential health benefit under the Affordable Care Act?

Maternity care is recognized as an essential health benefit under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This classification signifies that health plans must cover maternity and newborn care as part of their minimum essential coverage. The ACA aims to ensure comprehensive health coverage for various aspects of health care, and maternity care falls under this category because it addresses the significant health needs associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care.

In contrast, the other options do not qualify as essential health benefits. Vision coverage specifically tied to adults is not mandated under the essential health benefits requirement; such coverage may be offered, but it isn't a uniform requirement for all plans. Cosmetic surgery is generally considered an elective and is typically not covered unless it's necessary for medical reasons. Alternative medicine practices may vary widely, but they do not necessarily fall under the required essential health benefits outlined in the ACA. Therefore, maternity care stands out as a critical component of health coverage, reinforcing the ACA's aim to support comprehensive health services for all individuals.